Pneumatic Control

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Subject Author Date
Pneumatic Control Andrew Mawson 10-12-2006
Posted by Andrew Mawson on October 12, 2006, 12:30 pm
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I am rebuilding a tilting 'furnace body' ie an induction furnace coil
unit with crucible mounted in it so it tips just over 90 degrees to
pour the molten metal. Tilting is by a pair of double acting pneumatic
cylinders acting in parallel, with the air controlled by a single
spool valve lever up/off /down thingy. This beast has been out in the
open for too long and the bearings and pivots took quite some freeing
to get the rust out. Now it 'sort off works' but the control is far
too crude. Raising to tilt is ok'ish but the down stroke wacks it down
far too roughly. Somehow I need to set the air flow rate so things are
a little more gentle and controlled. Is it just a case of throttling
the air with a valve, or is there an analogue version of the spool
valve rather than the digital on/off type that is fitted?

AWEM



Posted by Peter Neill on October 12, 2006, 12:50 pm
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On Thu, 12 Oct 2006 17:30:54 +0100, "Andrew Mawson"

>I am rebuilding a tilting 'furnace body' ie an induction furnace coil
>unit with crucible mounted in it so it tips just over 90 degrees to
>pour the molten metal. Tilting is by a pair of double acting pneumatic
>cylinders acting in parallel, with the air controlled by a single
>spool valve lever up/off /down thingy. This beast has been out in the
>open for too long and the bearings and pivots took quite some freeing
>to get the rust out. Now it 'sort off works' but the control is far
>too crude. Raising to tilt is ok'ish but the down stroke wacks it down
>far too roughly. Somehow I need to set the air flow rate so things are
>a little more gentle and controlled. Is it just a case of throttling
>the air with a valve, or is there an analogue version of the spool
>valve rather than the digital on/off type that is fitted?
>
>AWEM
>

Andrew, you can set this very simply by putting a manual flow control
valve directly into the 'exhaust' end of the pneumatic cylinder, then
just wind in or out to adjust the speed.

RS details here: http://tinyurl.com/y8ma3k

Peter

Posted by John Stevenson on October 12, 2006, 1:30 pm
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On Thu, 12 Oct 2006 17:50:32 +0100, Peter Neill

>On Thu, 12 Oct 2006 17:30:54 +0100, "Andrew Mawson"
>
>>I am rebuilding a tilting 'furnace body' ie an induction furnace coil
>>unit with crucible mounted in it so it tips just over 90 degrees to
>>pour the molten metal. Tilting is by a pair of double acting pneumatic
>>cylinders acting in parallel, with the air controlled by a single
>>spool valve lever up/off /down thingy. This beast has been out in the
>>open for too long and the bearings and pivots took quite some freeing
>>to get the rust out. Now it 'sort off works' but the control is far
>>too crude. Raising to tilt is ok'ish but the down stroke wacks it down
>>far too roughly. Somehow I need to set the air flow rate so things are
>>a little more gentle and controlled. Is it just a case of throttling
>>the air with a valve, or is there an analogue version of the spool
>>valve rather than the digital on/off type that is fitted?
>>
>>AWEM
>>
>
>Andrew, you can set this very simply by putting a manual flow control
>valve directly into the 'exhaust' end of the pneumatic cylinder, then
>just wind in or out to adjust the speed.
>
>RS details here: http://tinyurl.com/y8ma3k
>
>Peter

Sorry Peter but these don't work as they should because air is
compressible.
In Andrews case as the furnace tilts it's weight alters and generally
stuffs any load calculations.

A while ago i had to fault find some big doors on a CNC machine tool.
that raised by air and lowered the same, much as Andrews setup I
imagine,
Going up was alright but coming down it smashed shut that hard the
glass flew out.
Throttling the air just reduced to time taken until it was nearly
closed and then everything caught up and it slammed shut again.

To be honest it was embarrassing and very dangerous.

The fault lies in the fact air is compressible and if you wait for
enough air to collect it increases acceleration.

What I did was to make a tank from a piece of 4" box section about 6"
long and weld a top and bottom on it with a 1/4" BSP boss in both
plates.
The bottom of the tank went via one of these valves that Peter has
mentioned to the bottom of the air cylinder, the tank was three
quarters filled with hydraulic oil and the top connection went to the
up side of the spool valve.

In operation when you go up air presses on the surface of the oil and
pushed the cylinder up.
When you come down air goes directly to the top of the cylinder and
forces the oil past the restrictor valve back into the tank. No oil
escapes as you have more oil in the tank than the cylinder holds and
you have air space on top of the oil so it can't return to the spool
valve.
Because the oil is incompressible the down movement is very steady.

What you have is an air / hydraulic damper in effect.
--
Regards,

John Stevenson
Nottingham, England.

Visit the new Model Engineering adverts page at:-
http://www.homeworkshop.org.uk/

Posted by Peter Neill on October 12, 2006, 2:05 pm
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On Thu, 12 Oct 2006 17:30:16 GMT, John Stevenson


>
>Sorry Peter but these don't work as they should because air is
>compressible.
>In Andrews case as the furnace tilts it's weight alters and generally
>stuffs any load calculations.
>
>What you have is an air / hydraulic damper in effect.

John, point taken that the load is fairly large on Andrews furnace,
but I've been fitting these flow controllers on pneumatic systems for
20 years and they are very effective.
If we had a particularly large download with possible shock impact at
the end I would either use a cylinder with cushioned end travel or fit
an Ace Linear Decelerator.

I completely agree that air over hydraulic gives a far smoother and
much more linear control, but my thoughts were that this is a
relatively cheap way to get control where none exists at the moment.

Peter

Posted by Andrew Mawson on October 12, 2006, 3:17 pm
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> On Thu, 12 Oct 2006 17:30:16 GMT, John Stevenson
>
>
> >
> >Sorry Peter but these don't work as they should because air is
> >compressible.
> >In Andrews case as the furnace tilts it's weight alters and
generally
> >stuffs any load calculations.
> >
> >What you have is an air / hydraulic damper in effect.
>
> John, point taken that the load is fairly large on Andrews furnace,
> but I've been fitting these flow controllers on pneumatic systems
for
> 20 years and they are very effective.
> If we had a particularly large download with possible shock impact
at
> the end I would either use a cylinder with cushioned end travel or
fit
> an Ace Linear Decelerator.
>
> I completely agree that air over hydraulic gives a far smoother and
> much more linear control, but my thoughts were that this is a
> relatively cheap way to get control where none exists at the moment.
>
> Peter

Now this is VERY interesting ! The two cylinders and valve say that
they are pneumatic fittings, but the scrap furnace man that I got it
from reckoned that the foundry had been using the cooling water for
the coil (pumped round at about 45 psi). Now that gives me two
problems. Firstly it leaks like a sieve - the cylinder end seals are
hissing. Secondly, my furnace coolant water is a sealed system to keep
air bubbles out - takes AGES to de-air it and is filled with expensive
special antifreeze. This furnace body plumbing is done in 15mm
stainless steel pipe and standard compression fittings between the
cylinders and spool valve which I had assumed was to be proof against
the odd splash of molten metal. I can see I'm going to have to strip
the cylinders and see if they are repairable, I don't fancy oil (as
per Johns cunning suggestion) or coolant spraying out at the wrong
time. ( a few weeks ago I was doing a melt when it was pouring down
outside, and a single rain drop dripped into the crucible of molten
iron - made a very impressive BANG ! )

AWEM



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